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=head1 NAME

MCE - Many-Core Engine for Perl providing parallel processing capabilities

=head1 VERSION

This document describes MCE version 1.835

Many-Core Engine (MCE) for Perl helps enable a new level of performance by
maximizing all available cores.

=begin html

<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marioroy/mce-assets/master/images_README/MCE.png" width="630" height="444" alt="MCE" /></p>

=end html

=head1 DESCRIPTION

MCE spawns a pool of workers and therefore does not fork a new process per
each element of data. Instead, MCE follows a bank queuing model. Imagine the
line being the data and bank-tellers the parallel workers. MCE enhances that
model by adding the ability to chunk the next n elements from the input
stream to the next available worker.

=begin html

<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marioroy/mce-assets/master/images_README/Bank_Queuing_Model.png" width="664" height="446" alt="Bank Queuing Model" /></p>

=end html

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This is a simplistic use case of MCE running with 5 workers.

 # Construction using the Core API

 use MCE;

 my $mce = MCE->new(
    max_workers => 5,
    user_func => sub {
       my ($mce) = @_;
       $mce->say("Hello from " . $mce->wid);
    }
 );

 $mce->run;

 # Construction using a MCE model

 use MCE::Flow max_workers => 5;

 mce_flow sub {
    my ($mce) = @_;
    MCE->say("Hello from " . MCE->wid);
 };

The following is a demonstration for parsing a huge log file in parallel.

 use MCE::Loop;

 MCE::Loop::init { max_workers => 8, use_slurpio => 1 };

 my $pattern  = 'something';
 my $hugefile = 'very_huge.file';

 my @result = mce_loop_f {
    my ($mce, $slurp_ref, $chunk_id) = @_;

    # Quickly determine if a match is found.
    # Process the slurped chunk only if true.

    if ($$slurp_ref =~ /$pattern/m) {
       my @matches;

       # The following is fast on Unix, but performance degrades
       # drastically on Windows beyond 4 workers.

       open my $MEM_FH, '<', $slurp_ref;
       binmode $MEM_FH, ':raw';
       while (<$MEM_FH>) { push @matches, $_ if (/$pattern/); }
       close   $MEM_FH;

       # Therefore, use the following construction on Windows.

       while ( $$slurp_ref =~ /([^\n]+\n)/mg ) {
          my $line = $1; # save $1 to not lose the value
          push @matches, $line if ($line =~ /$pattern/);
       }

       # Gather matched lines.

       MCE->gather(@matches);
    }

 } $hugefile;

 print join('', @result);

The next demonstration loops through a sequence of numbers with MCE::Flow.

 use MCE::Flow;

 my $N = shift || 4_000_000;

 sub compute_pi {
    my ( $beg_seq, $end_seq ) = @_;
    my ( $pi, $t ) = ( 0.0 );

    foreach my $i ( $beg_seq .. $end_seq ) {
       $t = ( $i + 0.5 ) / $N;
       $pi += 4.0 / ( 1.0 + $t * $t );
    }

    MCE->gather( $pi );
 }

 # Compute bounds only, workers receive [ begin, end ] values

 MCE::Flow::init(
    chunk_size  => 200_000,
    max_workers => 8,
    bounds_only => 1
 );

 my @ret = mce_flow_s sub {
    compute_pi( $_->[0], $_->[1] );
 }, 0, $N - 1;

 my $pi = 0.0;  $pi += $_ for @ret;

 printf "pi = %0.13f\n", $pi / $N;  # 3.1415926535898

=head1 CORE MODULES

Three modules make up the core engine for MCE.

=over 3

=item L<MCE::Core>

Provides the Core API for Many-Core Engine. The various MCE options are
described here. It includes several demonstrations at the end of the page.

=item L<MCE::Signal>

Temporary directory creation, cleanup, and signal handling.

=item L<MCE::Util>

Utility functions for Many-Core Engine.

=back

=head1 MCE EXTRAS

There are 4 add-on modules for use with MCE.

=over 3

=item L<MCE::Candy>

Provides a collection of sugar methods and output iterators for preserving
output order.

=item L<MCE::Mutex>

Provides a simple semaphore implementation supporting threads and processes.
Two implementations are provided. One via pipes or socket depending on the
platform. The other via Fcntl.

=item L<MCE::Queue>

Provides a hybrid queuing implementation for MCE supporting normal queues and
priority queues from a single module. MCE::Queue exchanges data via the core
engine to enable queuing to work for both children (spawned from fork) and
threads.

=item L<MCE::Relay>

Enables workers to receive and pass on information orderly with zero
involvement by the manager process while running.

=back

=head1 MCE MODELS

The models take Many-Core Engine to a new level for ease of use. Two options
(chunk_size and max_workers) are configured automatically as well as spawning
and shutdown.

=over 3

=item L<MCE::Loop>

Provides a MCE model for building parallel loops.

=item L<MCE::Flow>

A parallel flow model for building creative applications. This makes use of
user_tasks in MCE. The author has full control when utilizing this model.
MCE::Flow is similar to MCE::Loop, but allows for multiple code blocks to
run in parallel with a slight change to syntax.

=item L<MCE::Grep>

Provides a parallel grep implementation similar to the native grep function.

=item L<MCE::Map>

Provides a parallel map model similar to the native map function.

=item L<MCE::Step>

Provides a parallel step implementation utilizing MCE::Queue between user
tasks. MCE::Step is a spin off from MCE::Flow with a touch of MCE::Stream.
This model, introduced in 1.506, allows one to pass data from one sub-task
into the next transparently.

=item L<MCE::Stream>

Provides an efficient parallel implementation for chaining multiple maps
and greps together through user_tasks and MCE::Queue. Like with MCE::Flow,
MCE::Stream can run multiple code blocks in parallel with a slight change
to syntax from MCE::Map and MCE::Grep.

=back

=head1 MISCELLANEOUS

Miscellaneous additions included with the distribution.

=over 3

=item L<MCE::Examples>

Describes various demonstrations for MCE including a Monte Carlo simulation.

=item L<MCE::Subs>

Exports functions mapped directly to MCE methods; e.g. mce_wid. The module
allows 3 options; :manager, :worker, and :getter.

=back

=head1 REQUIREMENTS

Perl 5.8.0 or later. PDL::IO::Storable is required in scripts running PDL.

=head1 SOURCE AND FURTHER READING

The source, cookbook, and examples are hosted at GitHub.

=over 3

=item * L<https://github.com/marioroy/mce-perl>

=item * L<https://github.com/marioroy/mce-cookbook>

=item * L<https://github.com/marioroy/mce-examples>

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

C<MCE::Shared> provides data sharing capabilities for C<MCE>. It includes
C<MCE::Hobo> for running code asynchronously.

=over 3

=item * L<MCE::Shared>

=item * L<MCE::Hobo>

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Mario E. Roy, S<E<lt>marioeroy AT gmail DOT comE<gt>>

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2012-2018 by Mario E. Roy

MCE is released under the same license as Perl.

See L<http://dev.perl.org/licenses/> for more information.

=cut